Explanation:

Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-network/virtual-networks-udr-overview

Explanation:

From VM1, you can establish a Remote Desktop session with VM2:

If NSG10 is associated with Subnet1 where VM1 is located, and there is a rule that allows outbound RDP traffic (typically TCP port 3389), then VM1 should be able to initiate an RDP session with VM2. Without a specific rule blocking RDP, the answer would typically be Yes.

From VM2, you can ping VM1:

ICMP traffic (which is used by the ping command) is usually blocked by default on NSGs unless a specific rule is created to allow it. If the firewall on the VMs allows ICMP traffic, but there is no NSG rule permitting ICMP, then VM2 would not be able to ping VM1. Unless NSG11 explicitly allows ICMP traffic outbound from VM2, the answer would be No.

From VM2, you can establish a Remote Desktop session with VM1:

This would depend on whether NSG11 allows outbound RDP traffic and NSG10 allows inbound RDP traffic. If NSG10 and NSG11 are configured with the custom rules you provided, which we don’t have the specifics of, and assuming that the NSG11 does not have a rule that blocks outbound RDP traffic and NSG10 allows inbound RDP, then the answer would be Yes.

Explanation:

Based on the information presented in the graphic and the understanding of Azure networking, the following can be determined:

For VM1:

VM1 is in VNET1 which has a Site-to-Site VPN connection to the on-premises datacenter, so it can communicate with it.

VNET1 is peered with VNET2 with gateway transit allowed, so VM1 can communicate with VM2.

There is no direct peering between VNET1 and VNET3, but since VNET2 is peered with both VNET1 and VNET3, and VNET2 allows gateway transit, VM1 can also communicate with VM3 through VNET2.

So for VM1, the answer is: "the on-premises datacenter, VM2, and VM3 only."

For VM2:

VM2 is in VNET2 which is peered with VNET1 and VNET3. Therefore, VM2 can communicate with VM1 and VM3.

VNET2 has a Site-to-Site VPN connection to the on-premises datacenter, so VM2 can also communicate with the on-premises datacenter.

So for VM2, the answer is: "the on-premises datacenter, VM1, and VM3 only."

Explanation:

To minimize the impact of DNS caching when using Azure Traffic Manager with an application that connects to the first available endpoint from a list of endpoints, you should configure the Traffic Manager profile as follows:

Traffic Manager algorithm:

Priority: This routing method allows you to prioritize traffic to a particular endpoint over others. It ensures that all requests are sent to the highest-priority (primary) endpoint if it is available. If the primary endpoint is not available, Traffic Manager routes traffic to the next highest-priority endpoint. This setup minimizes the impact of DNS caching by always directing clients to the same endpoint, as long as it is available.

Endpoint type:

Azure endpoint: Since the web service instances are hosted in Azure and are accessible through public endpoints, you will use the Azure endpoint type for Traffic Manager.

These settings will direct App1 to consistently connect to the same endpoint (the one with the highest priority), assuming it is available, which is the desired behavior to minimize the impact of DNS caching. Traffic Manager will automatically failover to the next available endpoint based on the priority order defined, should the highest-priority endpoint become unavailable.

Explanation:

Reference: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/virtual-wan/virtual-wan-about